Non-Responsiveness to Hepatitis B Vaccination in HIV Seropositive Patients; Possible Causes and Solutions
Non-Responsiveness to Hepatitis B Vaccination in HIV Seropositive Patients; Possible Causes and Solutions
Rianne van den Berg 1, Ingrid van Hoogstraten 1, Michiel van Agtmael 1
1 NULL
*Correspondence: Ingrid van Hoogstraten, Email not available
Abstract
Hyporesponsiveness (anti-HBs 10-100 IU/l) or non-responsiveness (anti-HBs < 10 IU/l) to hepatitis Bvaccines is a problem in approximately 20-70% of HIV-positive patients. Mechanisms for impairedhumoral and cellular immunity related to the HIV infection are reviewed.
Contributing risk factors like age, gender, CD4+ T-cell count, HIV RNA load and coinfection withhepatitis C are highlighted. New developments in improving the HBV vaccine immunogenicity arediscussed and clinical recommendations are given for HBV-re-vaccination of HIV patients who failedon standard HBV vaccination.
Keywords: Hepatitis B. Vaccination. Hyporesponsiveness. Non-responsiveness. HIV-positive.
