Role of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Group O in the AIDS Pandemic
Miguel E. Quiñones-Mateu 1, Sarah C. Ball 1, Eric J. Arts 1
1 NULL
*Correspondence: Eric J. Arts, Email not available
Abstract
Like other RNA viruses, a high degree of genetic variability and heterogeneity is a hallmark feature of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) evolution. HIV-1 strains have been divided into three groups: the main (M), the outlier (O), and the non-M, non-O (N) groups. Originally secluded to Cameroon, HIV-1 group O infections have been identified in other West African countries and worldwide. Research in HIV-1 group O is, in part, limited by the availability of samples, but recent molecular epidemiological studies have now mapped a different phylogeny for HIV-1 group O than for group M. Group O isolates appear as diverse as group M, but with fewer clusters that can be classified as defined subtypes or clades. Differences in biological characteristics between groups M and O could explain for reduced spread of HIV-1 group O and ultimately shed light on the factors contributing to the HIV-1 group M epidemic. Finally, better understanding of the origin and diversity of HIV-1 group O viruses is essential for the design of improved diagnostic tests, antiretroviral therapies, and vaccine.
