HIV Evolutionary Dynamics Within and Among Hosts
Philippe Lemey 1, Andrew Rambaut 1, Oliver G. Pybus 1
1 NULL
*Correspondence: Andrew Rambaut, Email not available
Abstract
The HIV evolutionary processes continuously unfold, leaving a measurable footprint in viral genesequences. A variety of statistical models and inference techniques have been developed to reconstructthe HIV evolutionary history and to investigate the population genetic processes that shapeviral diversity. Remarkably different population genetic forces are at work within and among hosts.Population-level HIV phylogenies are mainly shaped by selectively neutral epidemiologic processes,implying that genealogy-based population genetic inference can be useful to study the HIV epidemichistory. Such evolutionary analyses have shed light on the origins of HIV, and on theepidemic spread of viral variants in different geographic locations and in different populations. The HIVgenealogies reconstructed from within-host sequences indicate the action of selection pressure.In addition, recombination has a significant impact on HIV genetic diversity. Accurately quantifyingboth the adaptation rate and the population recombination rate of HIV will contribute to a betterunderstanding of immune escape and drug resistance. Characterizing the impact of HIV transmissionon viral genetic diversity will be a key factor in reconciling the different population genetic processeswithin and among hosts.
