Use of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine in HIV-infected Men for the Prevention of Anal Dysplasia and Cancer
Edward R. Cachay 1, Wm. Christopher Mathews 2
1 Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases. University of California, San Diego, California; 2 NULL
*Correspondence: Edward R. Cachay, Email not available
Abstract
There are two commercially available vaccines licensed worldwide for the prevention of cervical cancer and other human papillomavirus-associated cancers such as anal cancer. However, only two countries have implemented healthcare programs that include human papillomavirus vaccination for boys and men. Although most of the human papillomavirus-related cancers in the world are attributable to cervical cancer, in developed countries anal cancer accounts for a larger proportion of human papillomavirus-related cancers. Most cases of anal cancer occur in HIV-infected men who have sex with men. In this review, we discuss the burden of human papillomavirus-related cancers in men, the most plausible immune mechanism associated with the high efficacy of the human papillomavirus vaccine, and address key issues of vaccination for HIV-infected men. Finally, we review cost-effectiveness considerations for the use of the vaccine in boys and recent guidelines for vaccination in boys, with attention to HIV-infected men.
