CD8 + T-lymphocyte Encephalitis: A Systematic Review
Larissa M. Santana 1, Carlos U. Ferreira-Júnior 2, Eduardo A. Valadares 3, Maria F. Santos 4, Ben-Hur Albergaria 5, Marcos Rosa-Júnior 6
1 Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio de Moraes da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo-HUCAM/UFES/EBSERH, Espírito Santo, Brazil; 2 Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio de Moraes da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo-HUCAM/UFES/EBSERH, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil; 3 Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio de Moraes da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo-HUCAM/UFES/EBSERH, Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio de Moraes da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo HUCAM/UFES/EBSERH; 4 Department of Pathology. Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio de Moraes da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo-HUCAM/UFES/EBSERH, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil; 5 Department of Social Medicine, Federal University of Espírito Santo, and Osteoporosis Research and Diagnosis Center - CEDOES, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil; 6 Department of Neuroradiology, Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio de Moraes da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - HUCAM/UFES/EBSERH, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
*Correspondence: Ben-Hur Albergaria, Email not available
Abstract
The increase of CD8 + T lymphocytes in the perivascular spaces of patients with HIV encephalopathy has been reported in some studies. CD8 + T lymphocyte encephalitis was first described in 2013 and then a few other similar cases were published. We proposed to analyze the clinical, MR imaging, and histopathology findings of CD8 + T lymphocyte encephalitis. A systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyzes protocol using the PubMed, Scopus, Lilacs, and IBECS databases up to February 3, 2018. Seven articles were included, two case series and five case reports. A total of 19 individuals were evaluated. MRI showed alterations in the white matter signal in all cases. Histopathology showed a predominance of CD8 + T lymphocytes. The findings described so far may resemble the inflammatory immune reconstitution syndrome. New studies on the subject are needed in an attempt to characterize the differences between these two entities.
