Global incidence of chlamydia infection and HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis

AIDS is associated with multiple kinds of sexually transmitted infections, including chlamydia. The global epidemiological status of chlamydia infection in individuals receiving AIDS pre-exposure prophylaxis can provide the crucial information. The researchers performed an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of the case-control studies or observational studies of chlamydia infection incidence in subjects receiving AIDS pre-exposure prophylaxis of the studies after 2018. A total of 24 studies, including 67810 subjects receiving AIDS pre-exposure prophylaxis, were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled incidence of chlamydia infection before receiving AIDS pre-exposure prophylaxis in the whole population of the 24 included studies was 46.9% (p < 0.001). After at least 6 months of pre-exposure prophylaxis, the pooled incidence of chlamydia infection was 51.8% (p < 0.001). For the men who have sex with men subgroup of subjects, the pooled incidence of preenrollment and post-pre-exposure prophylaxis was 47.9% and 53.1%, respectively (p < 0.001). Significant heterogeneity might influence the interpretations of the meta-analysis results. Chlamydia infection incidence seems to become higher after the implementation of pre-exposure prophylaxis. In addition, the men who have sex with men subgroup are associated with the higher incidence of chlamydia infection in the pre-enrollment and post-pre-exposure prophylaxis phases.