Introduction The National AIDS Control Program Pakistan reports 0.24 million HIV patients indicating an alarm of danger1. Out of 46,912 HIV/AIDS patients, only 26,093 are receiving treatment, while about 45% have not initiated their treatment1, despite providing free of cost HIV testing and treatment services2. The general prevalence of HIV positive drug injectors may reach […]
Introduction AIDS, precipitated by the HIV, constitutes a chronic, pernicious condition that profoundly debilitates the immune system, thereby heightening vulnerability to opportunistic infections and specific malignancies. The advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly mitigated AIDS-related mortality and substantially prolonged the life expectancy of those afflicted, effectively transmuting AIDS from a fatal affliction into a […]
Introduction There is a close relationship between ecology and bioethics. Ecology describes the life of ecosystems, and bioethics the moral conduct of man. Both the external nature and the person have a created value, and they are subjects of rights and duties. However, only the human being can transform the rest of creation. In this […]
Introduction Due to the lack of progress on prevention, the global number of new infections is not declining fast enough. In three regions of the world, the numbers of new HIV infections are rising1. Globally, the 2025 prevention target, that is, 95% of people at risk of HIV infection having access to and using effective […]
The first AIDS patients were diagnosed in 1981 in California. Most were white men having sex with men. The causative agent could not be isolated until 1983. It was a retrovirus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1. By then, AIDS had already spread to almost every continent, and the patients were of all ethnicities. AIDS was also […]